Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Skills – New PEBC Requirements

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Health promotion seeks to develop community and individual strategies to maintain and enhance wellbeing.
Disease prevention seeks to protect people from the harmful effects of a health threat.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Skills:

-Effective patient-centered counseling
-Knowledge of the principles and procedures for health screening tests
-Knowledge of the relevance of immunization and prophylaxis
-Implementation of health promoting strategies within communities
-Engage in public education and advocacy to prevent diseases

Updated Online Pharmacist Evaluating Exam (EE) Review to meet the new PEBC requirements.

Natural Health Products (NHPs)

Sale of Natural Health Products

The approval of Natural Health Products for sale follows a review by Health Canada for the product’s safety, efficacy and quality. Authorized products will be issued a product licence along with an eight-digit Natural Product Number (NPN) or Homeopathic Medicine Number (DIN-HM), which must appear on the label. These numbers serve as a means for the public and health care professionals to know that the product is authorized to be sold on the Canadian market.

What are Natural Health Products?

Under the Natural Health Products Regulations, Natural Health Products (NHPs) are defined as:

-Vitamins and minerals
-Herbal remedies
-Homeopathic medicines
-Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines
-Probiotics
-Other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids

Labelling of Natural Health Products

All NHPs must meet specific labelling requirements, to ensure safe and informed choices. Information required on NHP labels includes:

-Product name
-Product licence number
-Quantity of product in the bottle
-Complete list of medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients
-Recommended use (including purpose or health claim, route of administration and dose)
-Any cautionary statements, warnings, contra-indications and possible adverse reactions associated with the product
-Any special storage conditions

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Canadian Disclosure Guiding Principles

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Patient-centered healthcare:
An environment of patient-centered healthcare fosters open, honest and ongoing communication between healthcare providers and patients. Healthcare services should be respectful, supportive and take into consideration the patient’s expectations and needs at all times.

Patient autonomy:
Patients have the right to know what has happened to them in order to facilitate their active involvement and decision-making in their ongoing healthcare.

Healthcare that is safe:
Patients should have access to safe healthcare services of the highest possible quality.
Lessons learned from patient safety incidents should be used to improve the practices, processes and systems of healthcare delivery.

Leadership support:
Leaders and decision makers in the healthcare environment must be visible champions of disclosure as part of patient-centered healthcare.

Disclosure is the right thing to do:
“Individuals involved at all levels of decision-making around disclosure must ask themselves what they would expect in a similar situation.”

Honesty and transparency:
When a harmful incident occurs, the patient should be told what happened.
Disclosure acknowledges and informs the patient, which is critical in maintaining the patient’s trust and confidence in the healthcare system.

From Canadian Patient Safety Institute

Exam Strategies for EE Candidates

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-Relax
-Manage your time wisely
-Read questions carefully
-Attempt the questions that are easiest for you first. Come back and do the harder ones later.
-Circle or underline important terms. Some important terms called modifiers and qualifiers are: only, always, sometimes, rarely, never, none, usually, sometimes, frequently and often
-Try to think of the answer before looking at the options

When you don’t know the answer
-Never leave a question blank
-Eliminate choices you know are incorrect at first glance to narrow the options
-If two of the alternatives are similar, give them your consideration!

Good Luck!!

Disclaimer: These exam strategies are general guidelines and do not in anyway guarantee succeeding any exam.

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Accutane

Accutane contains the active ingredient isotretinoin, a derivate of vitamin A. Accutane is used to treat severe acne resistant to other treatments including antibiotics. Accutane can cause serious side effects including birth defects and mental disorders. All patients must sign the informed consent form prior to initiating therapy. Accutane may interact with low-dose contraceptives, antibiotics, corticosteroids, phenytoin and St. John’s Wort.

Accutane should not be used:

During pregnancy
While breast feeding
During tetracyclines therapy
With vitamin A supplements
If the patient has liver or kidney disease
If the patient has high blood lipids
If the patient is sensitive to retinoids, hydrogenated soybean or parabens

Important warnings/counselling tips for female patients

You must avoid becoming pregnant while on Accutane and at least one month after the termination of therapy

If you become pregnant during Accutane therapy, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately

You must use effective birth control:
- For at least one month before starting Accutane
- While you are on Accutane
- For at least one month after you stop taking Accutane

You must have two negative pregnancy tests, one of them must be done in a lab, before you start taking Accutane

You must have a monthly pregnancy test while on Accutane and one month after you stop taking the medication

Important precautions during Accutane therapy

Do not give blood
Do not have skin smoothing procedures such as waxing and dermabrasion and at least 6 months after termination of therapy
Avoid tanning
Protect skin from excessive exposure to sunlight; use sunscreen.
Do not share Accutane with other people
Do not take vitamin A
Do not take antibiotics unless recommended by a healthcare professional

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List of common drug abbreviations leading to medication error

Drug name Meaning Misinterpretation
AZT Zidovudine Azathioprine
CPZ Prochlorperazine Chlorpromazine
HCT Hydrocortisone Hydrochlorothiazide
HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrocortisone
MTX Methotrexate Mitoxantrone

Overview of Clinical Trials Phases

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Phase I: The experimental drug is tested in a small group of healthy individuals (20-80) to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.

Phase II: The experimental drug is given to a group of patients with the disease being tested (100-300) to determine the drug effectiveness, dosage, and to further evaluate its safety by monitoring side effects.

Phase III: The experimental drug is given to a larger group of patients (1,000-3,000) to confirm its effectiveness, dosage, monitor side effects, and collect all relevant information to optimize therapeutic use.

Phase IV: Also called post-marketing study. The primary goal of phase IV trial is the long term assessment of the new drug safety and effectiveness.

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