Knowledge and Research Application

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Knowledge and Research Application is the new 2016 PEBC Pharmacist MCQ competency.

In the process of applying clinical research results in health care setting, the following questions should be considered:

Are the trial participants similar to my patient?
What is the dropout rate?
Is the study design biased?
Is the Intent-To-Treat Analysis Included?
Are there any deviations from the protocol?
How accurate are the results?

Pharmacist MCQ Review updated to meet new 2016 competencies at cpepreponline.com

Some new drugs approved by Health Canada in 2015

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Daclatasvir - A hepatitis C virus inhibitor for chronic hepatitis C
Albiglutide - A GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes.
Levomilnacipran - An SNRI for depression
Ponatinib - A tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia
Empagliflozin - An SGLT2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes
Naloxegol - An opioid antagonist for opioid-induced constipation

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PEBC Exam Practice Questions

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Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Skills – New PEBC Requirements

1-All of the following are desired elements for a health promotion strategic plan within a community, EXCEPT:

A. Creating supportive environments within communities
B. Avoiding direct community involvement
C. Creating public policies that promote healthy lifestyle
D. Developing the skills of healthcare professionals
E. Re-orienting health services to address the challenges of health promotion
Answer: B
Strengthening community action is highly desirable in health promotion.

2-All of the following are elements of patient-centered counselling, EXCEPT:

A. Helps patients recognize and acknowledge their specific risk behaviors
B. Helps patients decide on a personalized plan of action
C. Promotes the implementation of a personalized plan of action
D. Promotes one-way information transfer from healthcare professional to patient
E. Finds strategies to deal with relapses

Answer: D
An effective patient-centered counselling is a two-way transfer of information

3-Pharmacists are encouraged to engage in public education and advocacy in health promotion and disease prevention within our communities. Which of the following activities could help improve public education in health promotion and disease prevention?

I. Writing newspaper articles or opinion columns
II. Speaking to school, church, or other community groups
III. Advocating changes in public policies or laws

A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III
Answer: E
ONLINE PEBC Exams Review

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Skills – New PEBC Requirements

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Health promotion seeks to develop community and individual strategies to maintain and enhance wellbeing.
Disease prevention seeks to protect people from the harmful effects of a health threat.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Skills:

-Effective patient-centered counseling
-Knowledge of the principles and procedures for health screening tests
-Knowledge of the relevance of immunization and prophylaxis
-Implementation of health promoting strategies within communities
-Engage in public education and advocacy to prevent diseases

Updated Online Pharmacist Evaluating Exam (EE) Review to meet the new PEBC requirements.

Natural Health Products (NHPs)

Sale of Natural Health Products

The approval of Natural Health Products for sale follows a review by Health Canada for the product’s safety, efficacy and quality. Authorized products will be issued a product licence along with an eight-digit Natural Product Number (NPN) or Homeopathic Medicine Number (DIN-HM), which must appear on the label. These numbers serve as a means for the public and health care professionals to know that the product is authorized to be sold on the Canadian market.

What are Natural Health Products?

Under the Natural Health Products Regulations, Natural Health Products (NHPs) are defined as:

-Vitamins and minerals
-Herbal remedies
-Homeopathic medicines
-Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines
-Probiotics
-Other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids

Labelling of Natural Health Products

All NHPs must meet specific labelling requirements, to ensure safe and informed choices. Information required on NHP labels includes:

-Product name
-Product licence number
-Quantity of product in the bottle
-Complete list of medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients
-Recommended use (including purpose or health claim, route of administration and dose)
-Any cautionary statements, warnings, contra-indications and possible adverse reactions associated with the product
-Any special storage conditions

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Canadian Disclosure Guiding Principles

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Patient-centered healthcare:
An environment of patient-centered healthcare fosters open, honest and ongoing communication between healthcare providers and patients. Healthcare services should be respectful, supportive and take into consideration the patient’s expectations and needs at all times.

Patient autonomy:
Patients have the right to know what has happened to them in order to facilitate their active involvement and decision-making in their ongoing healthcare.

Healthcare that is safe:
Patients should have access to safe healthcare services of the highest possible quality.
Lessons learned from patient safety incidents should be used to improve the practices, processes and systems of healthcare delivery.

Leadership support:
Leaders and decision makers in the healthcare environment must be visible champions of disclosure as part of patient-centered healthcare.

Disclosure is the right thing to do:
“Individuals involved at all levels of decision-making around disclosure must ask themselves what they would expect in a similar situation.”

Honesty and transparency:
When a harmful incident occurs, the patient should be told what happened.
Disclosure acknowledges and informs the patient, which is critical in maintaining the patient’s trust and confidence in the healthcare system.

From Canadian Patient Safety Institute

Exam Strategies for EE Candidates

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-Relax
-Manage your time wisely
-Read questions carefully
-Attempt the questions that are easiest for you first. Come back and do the harder ones later.
-Circle or underline important terms. Some important terms called modifiers and qualifiers are: only, always, sometimes, rarely, never, none, usually, sometimes, frequently and often
-Try to think of the answer before looking at the options

When you don’t know the answer
-Never leave a question blank
-Eliminate choices you know are incorrect at first glance to narrow the options
-If two of the alternatives are similar, give them your consideration!

Good Luck!!

Disclaimer: These exam strategies are general guidelines and do not in anyway guarantee succeeding any exam.

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